Page 32 - Translation Journal July 2015
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name of the literary original. E.g., Stephen King’s adaptation titles: The Shawshank Redemption (Frank Darabont, 1994) – Brīvības
cena (Ltv. The Price of Freedom), Побег из Шоушенка (Rus. The Escape from Shawshank) and the original work: Stephen King Rita
Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption and its translations Rita Heivorte un bēgšana no Šoušenkas (Ltv. Rita Hayworth and Escape
from Shawshank), Рита Хейуорт и спасение из Шоушенка (Rus. Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption); The Green Mile (Frank
Darabont, 1999) – Zaļā jūdze (Ltv. The Green Mile), Зеленая миля (Rus. The Green Mile) and the original work The Green Mile: Zaļā
jūdze (Ltv. The Green Mile), Зеленая миля (Rus. The Green Mile); Secret Window (David Koepp, 2004) – Slepenais logs (Ltv. Secret
Window), Тайное окно (Rus. Secret Window) and the original work Secret Window, Secret Garden: Slepenais logs, slepenais dārzs (Ltv.
Secret Window, Secret Garden), Тайное окно, тайный сад (Rus. Secret Window, Secret Garden); The Mist (Frank Darabont, 2007) –
Migla (Ltv. Mist), Мгла (Rus. Mist) and the original work The Mist: Мгла (Rus. Mist, sometimes on the Internet – Туман (Rus. Fog) and
Твари – Rus. Critters), no Latvian translation.
Another author, whose works are often adapted, is John Grisham: A Time to Kill (Joel Schumacher, 1996) – Laiks nogalināt (Ltv. Time
to Kill), Время убивать (Rus. Time to Kill) и and the original work Time to Kill: Laiks nogalināt (Ltv. Time to Kill), Время убивать (Rus.
Time to Kill); The Chamber (James Foley, 1996) – Kamera (Ltv. Camera / Chamber), Камера (Rus. Camera / Chamber) and the original
work The Chamber: Камера (Rus Camera / Chamber), no Latvian translation; Runaway Jury (Gary Fleder, 2003) – Zvērinātie (Ltv. Jury),
Вердикт за деньги (Rus. Verdict for money) and the original work The Runaway Jury: Вердикт (Rus. Verdict), no Latvian translation.
As well Thomas Harris: The Silence Of The Lambs (Jonathan Demme, 1991) – Jēru klusēšana (Ltv. Silence Of The Lambs), Молчание
ягнят (Rus. Silence Of The Lambs) and the original work The Silence of the Lambs: Jēru klusēšana (Ltv. Silence Of The Lambs),
Молчание ягнят (Silence Of The Lambs); Patricia Highsmith: The Talented Mr. Ripley (Anthony Minghella, 1999) – Talantīgais misters
Riplijs (Ltv. Talented mister Ripley), Талантливый мистер Рипли (Rus. Talented mister Ripley) and the original work The Talented Mr.
Ripley: Talantīgais misters Riplijs (Rus. Talented mister Ripley), Талантливый мистер Рипли (Rus. Talented mister Ripley). The group
represented not only by detective fiction: Jane Smiley A Thousand Acres and its adaptation A Thousand Acres (Jane Smiley, 1997) –
Tūkstoš akru (Ltv. A Thousand Acres), Тысяча акров (Rus. A Thousand Acres); translation of the title of the book: Tūkstoš akru (Ltv.
A Thousand Acres), Тысяча акров (Rus. A Thousand Acres). This group could include the authors such as Michael Crichton (Sphere,
Rising Sun, Jurassic Park, Congo adaptations), Elmore Leonard (Jackie Brown, Be Cool, Поезд на Юму, Get Shorty, Out of Sight
adaptations), Philip Kindred Dick (Blade Runner, Minority Report, VALIS adaptations), Nicholas Charles Sparks (The Notebook, A Walk
to Remember, Message in a Bottle adaptations). A Latvian film critic N. Naumanis noticed that “resettlement” of plots and comic book
characters to the television and films is one of the formulas of income that is still valid. One of the most characteristic evidence of this is
a representative of the group in question – Frank Miller (Daredevil, Elektra, 300, Sin City adaptations).
Among the titles of the second precedent degree can be the reduced titles. E.g., Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (Terry Gilliam, 1998) –
Bailes un naids Lasvegasā (Ltv. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas), Страх и ненависть в Лас-Вегасе (Rus. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas)
and the original work Hunter S. Thompson Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream
and its translations: Bailes un riebums Lasvegasā: Mežonīgs ceļojums uz amerikāņu sapņu sirdi (Ltv. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas:
A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream), Страх и отвращение в Лас-Вегасе: Дикое путешествие в сердце американской
мечты (Rus. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream). Another example: Apollo 13 (Ron
Howard, 1995) – Apollo 13, Аполлон 13 and the original work (astronaut’ memoirs) Jim Lovell & Jeffrey Kluger Lost Moon: The Perilous
Voyage of Apollo 13: Потерянная луна: Опасное путешествие Апполон-13 (Rus. Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo-13), no
Latvian translation.
In the second precedent degree group the number of changed title is growing due to both reduced degree of precedent and liberty of
adaptations. For example, reduced degree of precedent in such titles and their translations. E.g., The 13th Warrior (John McTiernan,
1999) – Trīspadsmitais kareivis (Ltv. The 13th Warrior), 13-й воин (Rus. The 13th Warrior) and the original work Michael Crichton Eaters
of the Dead and its translations Nāves ēdāji (Ltv. Death eaters), sometimes in the context of the film in journalism used the title 13 tais
kareivis – Ltv. The 13th Warrior), Пожиратели мертвых (Rus. Death eaters, a later version 13-й воин – Rus. The 13th Warrior). Often,
changes are explained by distant adaptations (systematic designation “based on”). E.g., Simon Birch (Mark Steven Johnson, 1998)
– Saimons Bērčs (Ltv. Simon Birch), Саймон Бирч (Rus. Simon Birch) and the original work John Irving A Prayer for Owen Meany:
Lūgšana par Ouenu Mīniju (Ltv. A Prayer for Owen Meany), Молитва об Оуэне Мини (Rus. A Prayer for Owen Meany); Surviving the
Game (Ernest R. Dickerson, 1994) – Pārdzīvot spēli (Ltv. Surviving the Game), Игра на выживание (Rus. The Game of Survival) and the
original work Richard Connell The Most Dangerous Game: Visbīstamākais medījums (Ltv. The Most Dangerous Game), Крайне опасная
игра (Rus. Extremely Dangerous Game; other titles Самая опасная дичь, Крупная добыча – Rus. The most dangerous game, Major
mining); Artifical Intelligence: AI (sometimes A.I. Artificial Intelligence or A.I.) (Steven Spielberg, 2001) – Mākslīgais intelekts (Ltv. Artifical
Intelligence), Искусственный разум (Rus. Artifical Intelligence) and the original work (novel) Brian Aldiss Super-Toys Last All Summer
Long: Superrotaļlietu pietiek visai vasarai (Ltv. Super-Toys Last All Summer Long; but the official translation into Latvian not exist, only
mentions in English in journalism), Суперигрушек хватает на все лето (Rus. Super-Toys Last All Summer Long). The authors of this
group are David Gerrold (Martian Child film adaptation), Jeffrey Deaver (The Bone Collector film adaptation), Tom Clancy (Patriot Games
film adaptation), John Berendt (Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil film adaptation), Patrick O’Brian (Master and Commander: The
end of the World film adaptation), Michael Cunningham (A Home At The End Of The World film adaptation), Christopher Buckley (Thank
You for Smoking film adaptation), Upton Sinclair (Oil film adaptation), Chuck Palahniuk (Fight Club, Choke film adaptations), Cormac
McCarthy (Road, No Country for Old Men film adaptations) etc.
The titles of the third degree of precedent. Translations of film titles 70-60 % coincide with literary work. Reverse precedent – a work of
literature becomes more known to the non-American public after adaptation, so one of the indicators can be considered a publication
of the book in translation after adaptation (usually visually dressed using stills from the film). The group includes both American authors,
and representatives of other countries. E.g., Bella Mafia (David Greene, 1997) – Skaistā Mafija (Ltv. Beautiful Mafia), Крестная мать (Rus.
Godmother) and the original work Lynda La Plante Bella Mafia: Лучшая половина мафии (Rus. Better half of the Mafia; later editions
and Internet – Крестная мать – Rus. Godmother), no Latvian translation; This Boy’s Life (Michael Caton-Jones, 1993) – Šī puiša dzīve
32 | Translation Journal - July 2015
cena (Ltv. The Price of Freedom), Побег из Шоушенка (Rus. The Escape from Shawshank) and the original work: Stephen King Rita
Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption and its translations Rita Heivorte un bēgšana no Šoušenkas (Ltv. Rita Hayworth and Escape
from Shawshank), Рита Хейуорт и спасение из Шоушенка (Rus. Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption); The Green Mile (Frank
Darabont, 1999) – Zaļā jūdze (Ltv. The Green Mile), Зеленая миля (Rus. The Green Mile) and the original work The Green Mile: Zaļā
jūdze (Ltv. The Green Mile), Зеленая миля (Rus. The Green Mile); Secret Window (David Koepp, 2004) – Slepenais logs (Ltv. Secret
Window), Тайное окно (Rus. Secret Window) and the original work Secret Window, Secret Garden: Slepenais logs, slepenais dārzs (Ltv.
Secret Window, Secret Garden), Тайное окно, тайный сад (Rus. Secret Window, Secret Garden); The Mist (Frank Darabont, 2007) –
Migla (Ltv. Mist), Мгла (Rus. Mist) and the original work The Mist: Мгла (Rus. Mist, sometimes on the Internet – Туман (Rus. Fog) and
Твари – Rus. Critters), no Latvian translation.
Another author, whose works are often adapted, is John Grisham: A Time to Kill (Joel Schumacher, 1996) – Laiks nogalināt (Ltv. Time
to Kill), Время убивать (Rus. Time to Kill) и and the original work Time to Kill: Laiks nogalināt (Ltv. Time to Kill), Время убивать (Rus.
Time to Kill); The Chamber (James Foley, 1996) – Kamera (Ltv. Camera / Chamber), Камера (Rus. Camera / Chamber) and the original
work The Chamber: Камера (Rus Camera / Chamber), no Latvian translation; Runaway Jury (Gary Fleder, 2003) – Zvērinātie (Ltv. Jury),
Вердикт за деньги (Rus. Verdict for money) and the original work The Runaway Jury: Вердикт (Rus. Verdict), no Latvian translation.
As well Thomas Harris: The Silence Of The Lambs (Jonathan Demme, 1991) – Jēru klusēšana (Ltv. Silence Of The Lambs), Молчание
ягнят (Rus. Silence Of The Lambs) and the original work The Silence of the Lambs: Jēru klusēšana (Ltv. Silence Of The Lambs),
Молчание ягнят (Silence Of The Lambs); Patricia Highsmith: The Talented Mr. Ripley (Anthony Minghella, 1999) – Talantīgais misters
Riplijs (Ltv. Talented mister Ripley), Талантливый мистер Рипли (Rus. Talented mister Ripley) and the original work The Talented Mr.
Ripley: Talantīgais misters Riplijs (Rus. Talented mister Ripley), Талантливый мистер Рипли (Rus. Talented mister Ripley). The group
represented not only by detective fiction: Jane Smiley A Thousand Acres and its adaptation A Thousand Acres (Jane Smiley, 1997) –
Tūkstoš akru (Ltv. A Thousand Acres), Тысяча акров (Rus. A Thousand Acres); translation of the title of the book: Tūkstoš akru (Ltv.
A Thousand Acres), Тысяча акров (Rus. A Thousand Acres). This group could include the authors such as Michael Crichton (Sphere,
Rising Sun, Jurassic Park, Congo adaptations), Elmore Leonard (Jackie Brown, Be Cool, Поезд на Юму, Get Shorty, Out of Sight
adaptations), Philip Kindred Dick (Blade Runner, Minority Report, VALIS adaptations), Nicholas Charles Sparks (The Notebook, A Walk
to Remember, Message in a Bottle adaptations). A Latvian film critic N. Naumanis noticed that “resettlement” of plots and comic book
characters to the television and films is one of the formulas of income that is still valid. One of the most characteristic evidence of this is
a representative of the group in question – Frank Miller (Daredevil, Elektra, 300, Sin City adaptations).
Among the titles of the second precedent degree can be the reduced titles. E.g., Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (Terry Gilliam, 1998) –
Bailes un naids Lasvegasā (Ltv. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas), Страх и ненависть в Лас-Вегасе (Rus. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas)
and the original work Hunter S. Thompson Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream
and its translations: Bailes un riebums Lasvegasā: Mežonīgs ceļojums uz amerikāņu sapņu sirdi (Ltv. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas:
A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream), Страх и отвращение в Лас-Вегасе: Дикое путешествие в сердце американской
мечты (Rus. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream). Another example: Apollo 13 (Ron
Howard, 1995) – Apollo 13, Аполлон 13 and the original work (astronaut’ memoirs) Jim Lovell & Jeffrey Kluger Lost Moon: The Perilous
Voyage of Apollo 13: Потерянная луна: Опасное путешествие Апполон-13 (Rus. Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo-13), no
Latvian translation.
In the second precedent degree group the number of changed title is growing due to both reduced degree of precedent and liberty of
adaptations. For example, reduced degree of precedent in such titles and their translations. E.g., The 13th Warrior (John McTiernan,
1999) – Trīspadsmitais kareivis (Ltv. The 13th Warrior), 13-й воин (Rus. The 13th Warrior) and the original work Michael Crichton Eaters
of the Dead and its translations Nāves ēdāji (Ltv. Death eaters), sometimes in the context of the film in journalism used the title 13 tais
kareivis – Ltv. The 13th Warrior), Пожиратели мертвых (Rus. Death eaters, a later version 13-й воин – Rus. The 13th Warrior). Often,
changes are explained by distant adaptations (systematic designation “based on”). E.g., Simon Birch (Mark Steven Johnson, 1998)
– Saimons Bērčs (Ltv. Simon Birch), Саймон Бирч (Rus. Simon Birch) and the original work John Irving A Prayer for Owen Meany:
Lūgšana par Ouenu Mīniju (Ltv. A Prayer for Owen Meany), Молитва об Оуэне Мини (Rus. A Prayer for Owen Meany); Surviving the
Game (Ernest R. Dickerson, 1994) – Pārdzīvot spēli (Ltv. Surviving the Game), Игра на выживание (Rus. The Game of Survival) and the
original work Richard Connell The Most Dangerous Game: Visbīstamākais medījums (Ltv. The Most Dangerous Game), Крайне опасная
игра (Rus. Extremely Dangerous Game; other titles Самая опасная дичь, Крупная добыча – Rus. The most dangerous game, Major
mining); Artifical Intelligence: AI (sometimes A.I. Artificial Intelligence or A.I.) (Steven Spielberg, 2001) – Mākslīgais intelekts (Ltv. Artifical
Intelligence), Искусственный разум (Rus. Artifical Intelligence) and the original work (novel) Brian Aldiss Super-Toys Last All Summer
Long: Superrotaļlietu pietiek visai vasarai (Ltv. Super-Toys Last All Summer Long; but the official translation into Latvian not exist, only
mentions in English in journalism), Суперигрушек хватает на все лето (Rus. Super-Toys Last All Summer Long). The authors of this
group are David Gerrold (Martian Child film adaptation), Jeffrey Deaver (The Bone Collector film adaptation), Tom Clancy (Patriot Games
film adaptation), John Berendt (Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil film adaptation), Patrick O’Brian (Master and Commander: The
end of the World film adaptation), Michael Cunningham (A Home At The End Of The World film adaptation), Christopher Buckley (Thank
You for Smoking film adaptation), Upton Sinclair (Oil film adaptation), Chuck Palahniuk (Fight Club, Choke film adaptations), Cormac
McCarthy (Road, No Country for Old Men film adaptations) etc.
The titles of the third degree of precedent. Translations of film titles 70-60 % coincide with literary work. Reverse precedent – a work of
literature becomes more known to the non-American public after adaptation, so one of the indicators can be considered a publication
of the book in translation after adaptation (usually visually dressed using stills from the film). The group includes both American authors,
and representatives of other countries. E.g., Bella Mafia (David Greene, 1997) – Skaistā Mafija (Ltv. Beautiful Mafia), Крестная мать (Rus.
Godmother) and the original work Lynda La Plante Bella Mafia: Лучшая половина мафии (Rus. Better half of the Mafia; later editions
and Internet – Крестная мать – Rus. Godmother), no Latvian translation; This Boy’s Life (Michael Caton-Jones, 1993) – Šī puiša dzīve
32 | Translation Journal - July 2015
