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results of the study showed that the translator used five Baker’s (1992) strategies to render the 228 literary entries, but he did not
use three of them.
11. Conclusion
This study was an attempt to apply Baker’s (1992) theoretical framework of translation strategies with concentration on equivalence
at word level in analyzing the key entries of Abrams’s “A Glossary Of Literary Terms” (2008), translated from English into Persian called
"”یبدا تاحالطصا یفیصوت گنهرف. The research aimed to find the type and the most frequent translation strategy used in the corpus,
also it aimed to find if the most frequently used strategy was compatible with the problematic literary terms or not.
The first objective of this study was to identify the type of translation strategies used in translating the entries of the above mentioned
glossary. The study revealed that, there were five strategies employed to translate the entries: “translation by a more general word
(superordinate), translation by a more neutral/less expressive word, translation by cultural substitution, translation by using a loan
word or a loan word plus an explanation, translation by paraphrase using related words”. However, the strategies of “translation by
paraphrase using unrelated words, translation by omission and translation by illustration” were not found.
The second objective was to study the frequencies of translation strategies being used in the sampled book. “Translation by a more
general word (superordinate)” was realized as the most frequent strategy.
In conclusion, the translator of this study used five translation strategies in translating the literary entries in order to give the equivalent
translation, but he used the strategy of “translation by a more general word (superordinate)” as the most frequent translation strategy.
These three strategies were not found in the study: “translation by paraphrase using unrelated words”, “translation by omission”, and
“translation by illustration”. It can be realized that the used strategies shown in the research could be used in translating literary terms
to do a better translation.
References
Abrams, M. H. (2008) A Glossary of Literary Terms, Tehran: Rahnama.
Baker, M. (1992) In Other Words: a Coursebook on Translation, London: Routledge.
Brislin, R. W. (1976) Translation: application and research. New York: Gardner Press Inc.
Catford, J.C. (1987) “A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguistics”. OUP
Chesterman, A. (1997) Memes of Translation. The spread of ideas in translation theory. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
House, J. (1977) A Model for Translation Quality Assessment, Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Kelly, D. (2005) A handbook for translator trainers: A guide to reflective practice. Manchester, UK: St. Jerome.
Krings, Hans P. (1986) “Translation problems and translation strategies of advanced German learners of French.” Interlingual and
intercultural communication. Ed. Juliane House and Shoshana Blum-Kulka. Tubingen: Gunter Narr, 1986. 263-275. Print.
Miremadi, S. A. (1991) Theories of translation and interpretation. Tehran: SAMT.
Newmark, P. (1981) Approaches to translation. Tehran: Rahnama.
Nida, Eugene A. & Taber, Charles R. (1982) The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Nielsen, S. (1994) The Bilingual LSP Dictionary. Gunter Narr.
Sin-wai, Chan. (2004) A Dictionary of Translation Technology. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
یدابآدارم نایزبس. س. (2009) یبدا تاحالطصا یفیصوت گنهرف. نارهت: امنهر.
72 | Translation Journal - July 2015
use three of them.
11. Conclusion
This study was an attempt to apply Baker’s (1992) theoretical framework of translation strategies with concentration on equivalence
at word level in analyzing the key entries of Abrams’s “A Glossary Of Literary Terms” (2008), translated from English into Persian called
"”یبدا تاحالطصا یفیصوت گنهرف. The research aimed to find the type and the most frequent translation strategy used in the corpus,
also it aimed to find if the most frequently used strategy was compatible with the problematic literary terms or not.
The first objective of this study was to identify the type of translation strategies used in translating the entries of the above mentioned
glossary. The study revealed that, there were five strategies employed to translate the entries: “translation by a more general word
(superordinate), translation by a more neutral/less expressive word, translation by cultural substitution, translation by using a loan
word or a loan word plus an explanation, translation by paraphrase using related words”. However, the strategies of “translation by
paraphrase using unrelated words, translation by omission and translation by illustration” were not found.
The second objective was to study the frequencies of translation strategies being used in the sampled book. “Translation by a more
general word (superordinate)” was realized as the most frequent strategy.
In conclusion, the translator of this study used five translation strategies in translating the literary entries in order to give the equivalent
translation, but he used the strategy of “translation by a more general word (superordinate)” as the most frequent translation strategy.
These three strategies were not found in the study: “translation by paraphrase using unrelated words”, “translation by omission”, and
“translation by illustration”. It can be realized that the used strategies shown in the research could be used in translating literary terms
to do a better translation.
References
Abrams, M. H. (2008) A Glossary of Literary Terms, Tehran: Rahnama.
Baker, M. (1992) In Other Words: a Coursebook on Translation, London: Routledge.
Brislin, R. W. (1976) Translation: application and research. New York: Gardner Press Inc.
Catford, J.C. (1987) “A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguistics”. OUP
Chesterman, A. (1997) Memes of Translation. The spread of ideas in translation theory. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
House, J. (1977) A Model for Translation Quality Assessment, Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Kelly, D. (2005) A handbook for translator trainers: A guide to reflective practice. Manchester, UK: St. Jerome.
Krings, Hans P. (1986) “Translation problems and translation strategies of advanced German learners of French.” Interlingual and
intercultural communication. Ed. Juliane House and Shoshana Blum-Kulka. Tubingen: Gunter Narr, 1986. 263-275. Print.
Miremadi, S. A. (1991) Theories of translation and interpretation. Tehran: SAMT.
Newmark, P. (1981) Approaches to translation. Tehran: Rahnama.
Nida, Eugene A. & Taber, Charles R. (1982) The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Nielsen, S. (1994) The Bilingual LSP Dictionary. Gunter Narr.
Sin-wai, Chan. (2004) A Dictionary of Translation Technology. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
یدابآدارم نایزبس. س. (2009) یبدا تاحالطصا یفیصوت گنهرف. نارهت: امنهر.
72 | Translation Journal - July 2015
