Page 70 - Translation Journal July 2015
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ergraduate students of English, American, and other literatures.
The second corpus of the study was the Persian translation of the Abrams (2008) called “”یبدا تاحالطصا یفیصوت گنهرف, translated
by Saeed Sabzian Morad Abadi, published by Rahnama (2009) in 541 pages. This book contained 228 entries that were the aim of the
study.
8. Theoretical Framework
The framework of the present study was Baker’s (1992) taxonomy. The researcher measured the frequency and percentage of Baker’s
translation strategies used by the translator of " "یبدا تاحالطصا یفیصوت گنهرفin the translation procedure. Baker’s (1992) eight
strategies of translation are as:
1. Translation by a more general word (superordinate);
2. Translation by a more neutral/less expressive word;
3. Translation by cultural substitution;
4. Translation by using a loan word or a loan word plus an explanation;
5. Translation by paraphrase using related words;
6. Translation by paraphrase using unrelated words;
7. Translation by omission;
8. Translation by illustration.
9. Procedure
This research was a descriptive one. The aim of the research was to analyze and describe the applied strategies used by the translator
to deal with literary entries. At first the translations of all of the entries were reviewed, and the strategies were identified based on Baker’s
model (1992).
In the qualitative phase the researcher and two raters both holding an M.A degree in English translation studies, analyzed the data,
distinguished and categorized the translation strategies based on Baker’s (1992) model.
In the quantitative phase, the most used strategy used by the translator based on Baker’s (1992) theoretical framework was calculated
and presented in percentages. It must be mentioned that the researcher, herself, numerated each Baker’s strategies from 1 to 8 and
used it as the numerical value.
10. Data Analysis
In the present research, after analyzing the entries and their translations, the results were shown in tables. Then the most used strategies
were determined.
The frequencies and percentages of the strategies were shown in the table 10.2.1, and in the figure 10.2.2.
10.1 Examples of the Used Baker’s Strategies
In this part the researcher presented some examples of her findings.
10.1.2 Example 1 of the Used Baker’s Strategies Translation
No. Word
1 pantomime and dumb show تماص شیامن و ییامیا شیامن
In the above example Baker’s fifth strategy was used by the translator. The fifth strategy is “translation by paraphrase using related
words”. Paraphrasing is the most common translation technique when there are no formal equivalents. Using a related word means
“when the concept expressed by the source item is lexicalized in the TL but in a different form, and when the frequency with which a
certain form is used in the ST is significantly higher than would be natural in the TL.” (Sin-wai, 2004).
10.1.3 Example 2 of the Used Baker’s Strategies Translation
No. Word
2 gothic novel کیتوگ نامر
In the above example, number 4 strategy “translation by using a loan word or loan word plus explanation” was applied to the word. This
strategy is usually used in dealing with culture-specific items, modern concepts, and buzz words. Using the loan word with an explanation
is very useful when a word is repeated several times in the text. First time the word is mentioned by the explanation and later it can be
used by its own.
70 | Translation Journal - July 2015
The second corpus of the study was the Persian translation of the Abrams (2008) called “”یبدا تاحالطصا یفیصوت گنهرف, translated
by Saeed Sabzian Morad Abadi, published by Rahnama (2009) in 541 pages. This book contained 228 entries that were the aim of the
study.
8. Theoretical Framework
The framework of the present study was Baker’s (1992) taxonomy. The researcher measured the frequency and percentage of Baker’s
translation strategies used by the translator of " "یبدا تاحالطصا یفیصوت گنهرفin the translation procedure. Baker’s (1992) eight
strategies of translation are as:
1. Translation by a more general word (superordinate);
2. Translation by a more neutral/less expressive word;
3. Translation by cultural substitution;
4. Translation by using a loan word or a loan word plus an explanation;
5. Translation by paraphrase using related words;
6. Translation by paraphrase using unrelated words;
7. Translation by omission;
8. Translation by illustration.
9. Procedure
This research was a descriptive one. The aim of the research was to analyze and describe the applied strategies used by the translator
to deal with literary entries. At first the translations of all of the entries were reviewed, and the strategies were identified based on Baker’s
model (1992).
In the qualitative phase the researcher and two raters both holding an M.A degree in English translation studies, analyzed the data,
distinguished and categorized the translation strategies based on Baker’s (1992) model.
In the quantitative phase, the most used strategy used by the translator based on Baker’s (1992) theoretical framework was calculated
and presented in percentages. It must be mentioned that the researcher, herself, numerated each Baker’s strategies from 1 to 8 and
used it as the numerical value.
10. Data Analysis
In the present research, after analyzing the entries and their translations, the results were shown in tables. Then the most used strategies
were determined.
The frequencies and percentages of the strategies were shown in the table 10.2.1, and in the figure 10.2.2.
10.1 Examples of the Used Baker’s Strategies
In this part the researcher presented some examples of her findings.
10.1.2 Example 1 of the Used Baker’s Strategies Translation
No. Word
1 pantomime and dumb show تماص شیامن و ییامیا شیامن
In the above example Baker’s fifth strategy was used by the translator. The fifth strategy is “translation by paraphrase using related
words”. Paraphrasing is the most common translation technique when there are no formal equivalents. Using a related word means
“when the concept expressed by the source item is lexicalized in the TL but in a different form, and when the frequency with which a
certain form is used in the ST is significantly higher than would be natural in the TL.” (Sin-wai, 2004).
10.1.3 Example 2 of the Used Baker’s Strategies Translation
No. Word
2 gothic novel کیتوگ نامر
In the above example, number 4 strategy “translation by using a loan word or loan word plus explanation” was applied to the word. This
strategy is usually used in dealing with culture-specific items, modern concepts, and buzz words. Using the loan word with an explanation
is very useful when a word is repeated several times in the text. First time the word is mentioned by the explanation and later it can be
used by its own.
70 | Translation Journal - July 2015
