Page 68 - Translation Journal July 2015
P. 68
lson (1994) states that lexicographers write, compile and edit dictionaries for both print and online publication. They may work on one
of the following types of dictionaries:
• dictionaries for native speakers;
• dictionaries for learners of a special language;
• technical dictionaries, for example law;
• bilingual dictionaries, for native speakers or learners of the language.
According to Nielson (1994) bilingual lexicographers translate words and expressions, rather than defining them. Daily tasks of a
bilingual lexicographer include:
• translating words and expressions in both directions, for example from English to French and from French to English;
• discussing and resolving problematic translations with native-speaking editors;
• writing grammatical and cultural supplements included in some editions of translation dictionaries;
• constructing ‘help pages’ to include pictures and labels, e.g., listing the parts of a computer;
• conducting market research with book retailers, students and teachers.
Translators use different frameworks to translate specialized terminology. The present research was going to identify the most frequent
Baker’s strategies applied by Saeed Sabzian Morad Abadi in for rendering the 9th edition of “A Glossary Of Literary Terms” compiled and
written by Meyer Howard Abrams and Geoffrey Galt Harpham (2008), published by Rahnama (2009). The above mentioned glossary
contains specialized words and their equivalents related to literary technical terms.
2. Statement of the Problem
Newmark (1991: 27) defines the act of translating briefly. It is the act of transferring meaning of a stretch or a unit of language, the whole
or a part, from one language to another. According to the purpose, translation can be divided into four types: pragmatic, aesthetic-
poetic, ethnographic, and linguistic translation (Brislin, 1976: 3-4). Pragmatic translation is the translation of a message with an interest
in accuracy of the information meant to be communicated in the TL form. Belonging to such translation is the translation of technical
information, such as repairing instructions. The second type is aesthetic-poetic translation that does not only focus on the information, but
also the emotion, feeling, beauty involved in the original writing. The third is ethnographic translation that explicates the cultural context
of the SL and TL versions. The last type is linguistic translation, the one that is concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent
morphemes of the TL and with grammatical form.
A translator, in order to translate technical specialized terms, should have a great knowledge of the field of those terms in addition to the
knowledge of the ST and the TT writing systems, and should follow some principles to be sure that he/she rendered the terms correctly
or not. According to Krings (1986: 263-275) or Lorscher (1996: 76-81) translation strategies are usually defined as the procedures leading
to the optimal solution of a translation problem.
The researcher aimed to identify Baker’s translation strategies (1992) used by the translator in rendering the bilingual English-Persian “A
Glossary Of Literary Terms”.
3. Research Question
The research aims give rise to the following question:
Q1: What are the types/frequencies of Baker’s strategies used by the translator while translating “A Glossary Of Literary Terms”?
4. Definition of the Keywords
4.1 Bilingual Dictionary
A bilingual dictionary or translation dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to
another (Nielson, 1994).
4.2 Translation strategies
A translator uses a strategy when he/she encounters a problem while translating a text. Krings (1986:18) defines translation strategy as
“translator’s potentially conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a concrete translation task”.
4.3 Baker’s Taxonomy
Baker (1992) lists eight strategies that professional translators use to cope with the problematic issues in translation tasks:
68 | Translation Journal - July 2015
of the following types of dictionaries:
• dictionaries for native speakers;
• dictionaries for learners of a special language;
• technical dictionaries, for example law;
• bilingual dictionaries, for native speakers or learners of the language.
According to Nielson (1994) bilingual lexicographers translate words and expressions, rather than defining them. Daily tasks of a
bilingual lexicographer include:
• translating words and expressions in both directions, for example from English to French and from French to English;
• discussing and resolving problematic translations with native-speaking editors;
• writing grammatical and cultural supplements included in some editions of translation dictionaries;
• constructing ‘help pages’ to include pictures and labels, e.g., listing the parts of a computer;
• conducting market research with book retailers, students and teachers.
Translators use different frameworks to translate specialized terminology. The present research was going to identify the most frequent
Baker’s strategies applied by Saeed Sabzian Morad Abadi in for rendering the 9th edition of “A Glossary Of Literary Terms” compiled and
written by Meyer Howard Abrams and Geoffrey Galt Harpham (2008), published by Rahnama (2009). The above mentioned glossary
contains specialized words and their equivalents related to literary technical terms.
2. Statement of the Problem
Newmark (1991: 27) defines the act of translating briefly. It is the act of transferring meaning of a stretch or a unit of language, the whole
or a part, from one language to another. According to the purpose, translation can be divided into four types: pragmatic, aesthetic-
poetic, ethnographic, and linguistic translation (Brislin, 1976: 3-4). Pragmatic translation is the translation of a message with an interest
in accuracy of the information meant to be communicated in the TL form. Belonging to such translation is the translation of technical
information, such as repairing instructions. The second type is aesthetic-poetic translation that does not only focus on the information, but
also the emotion, feeling, beauty involved in the original writing. The third is ethnographic translation that explicates the cultural context
of the SL and TL versions. The last type is linguistic translation, the one that is concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent
morphemes of the TL and with grammatical form.
A translator, in order to translate technical specialized terms, should have a great knowledge of the field of those terms in addition to the
knowledge of the ST and the TT writing systems, and should follow some principles to be sure that he/she rendered the terms correctly
or not. According to Krings (1986: 263-275) or Lorscher (1996: 76-81) translation strategies are usually defined as the procedures leading
to the optimal solution of a translation problem.
The researcher aimed to identify Baker’s translation strategies (1992) used by the translator in rendering the bilingual English-Persian “A
Glossary Of Literary Terms”.
3. Research Question
The research aims give rise to the following question:
Q1: What are the types/frequencies of Baker’s strategies used by the translator while translating “A Glossary Of Literary Terms”?
4. Definition of the Keywords
4.1 Bilingual Dictionary
A bilingual dictionary or translation dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to
another (Nielson, 1994).
4.2 Translation strategies
A translator uses a strategy when he/she encounters a problem while translating a text. Krings (1986:18) defines translation strategy as
“translator’s potentially conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a concrete translation task”.
4.3 Baker’s Taxonomy
Baker (1992) lists eight strategies that professional translators use to cope with the problematic issues in translation tasks:
68 | Translation Journal - July 2015
